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2009年5月11日
幼童军简介（台湾）
介紹幼童軍
一、幼童軍活動：
1. 幼童軍是8至12歲的男性兒童，經家長同意，得參加幼童軍團。
2. 幼童軍有一整套統整的教育活動過程，依據獨特的故事背景編製成團集會的各項活動，並採取小隊制度、運用徽章制度激勵其上進，滿足其成就慾望，進而輔導其成為健全的國民。
3. 幼童軍是童子軍的生活起點，是童子軍的基礎。
4. 促使兒童發揮自主性，適應團體生活，樂於為人服務的美德。
5. 啟發五育並進，成為智仁勇兼備的青少年。
二、幼童軍活動的方法：
1. 幼童軍是童軍生活的起點，也是童子軍運動的基礎，幼童軍活動有一套完整的進步性活動進程，在新奇有趣的活動方案中，在遊戲、歌唱、故事中，在徽章制度的激勵下循序漸進的引導下，使幼童軍成為智仁勇兼備的青少年。
2. 服務員的任務是要精研它的原理與方法，並以實踐來經驗它的所以然。
3. 幼童軍是以團「PACK」為單位，這是一個家庭，隊只是為了活動上的方便，同時給隊長一份責任。
4. 未滿八歲不能參加之原因，是因其未能瞭解諾言規律，而且年到十一歲時往往會失去興趣。
5. 幼童軍活動是以叢林奇談做為永恆的背景，因為創始人貝登堡認為這個階段的兒童，具有先天的想像力和創造力，所以才把這本書拿來做訓練計畫的張本，我們為了實踐諾言和規律，認為除了這個故事外，再也難找到這麼適當的內容和體裁。
三、幼童軍內涵：
（一）諾言：「我願盡力，愛國家，守規律」。
（二）規律：「服從長上、幫助他人、不說謊話、不怕困難」。
（三）吼聲：
1.全體喊出「阿克拉！我願盡力。」
2.小隊長喊出「DYB！DYB！DYB！DYB！」
3.全體喊出「DOB！DOB！守規律！」
（四）禮節：
二指禮，食指、中指分開豎直，食指觸及帽緣或右眉梢，拳心向外；左握方式同童子軍。
（五）手勢、口令：基本口令
1.「PACK！」：〝注意〞，發出「PACK」口令後應有其他的指令下達。
2.「PACK！PACK！」：〝解散〞口令。
3.「PACK ！PACK！ PACK！」」：要做吼聲時，集合成聚會圈的口令。
（六）服裝：穿幼童軍藍色制服，另設榮譽帶佩掛技能章。
四、徽章制度
童軍三大制度（徽章、小隊、榮譽）相輔相成，旨在增強童軍運動與童軍教育之效。
徽章是（幼）童軍努力追求的目標，是吸引幼童軍參加活動的誘導力。 激發幼童軍自我挑戰，肯定自我的良方。
徽章制度是榮譽的表徵：表示幼童軍努力之後的各種成就，是鼓勵幼童軍實踐〝我願盡力〞的試金石。是激發追求自我尊嚴，追求榮譽的最佳方法。
種類：
獸章---配掛於制服左胸口袋。
幼童軍晉級徽章以獸章(羚羊、狼、鹿、豹四級)為晉級章，須經考驗合格始得頒授。凡年滿八歲兒童自願申請參加幼童軍活動，經參加四次以上團集會，由團長、副團長、家長依據進程內容予以考評，確認已完成羚羊級進程，經宣誓入團後，頒授羚羊章並佩掛團領巾。
參與羚羊級幼童軍六個月以上，由團長、副團長、家長依據進程內容予以考評，確認已完成狼級進程，經公開晉級儀式頒授配掛狼級章。 參與狼級幼童軍六個月以上，由團長、副團長、家長依據進程內容予以考評，確認已完成鹿級進程，經公開晉級儀式頒授配掛鹿章。參與鹿級幼童軍六個月以上，由團長、副團長、家長依據進程內容予以考評，確認已完成豹級進程，經公開晉級儀式頒授配掛豹章。鹿級和豹級活動進程在十二個月內完成，但仍需預留一、二次團集會的修補時間，使未合格之幼童軍有完成進程的機會。
技能章----幼童軍訓練，非常重視運用徽章來表達成就，技能章共分三類二十六項，及服務類八項，健身類九項及技巧類九項。
一、服務類：嚮導技能章、環保技能章、交通安全技能章、表演技能章、 種植技能章、飼養技能章、勞作技能章、義工技能章
二、健身類：球類運動技能章、體適能運動技能章、民俗體育運動技能章、游泳技能章、自行車技能章、旅行技能章、休閒活動技能章、舞蹈技能章、體操技能章
三、技巧類：繪畫技能章、音樂技能章、模型技能章、口技技能章、書法技能章、歌詠技能章、收集技能章、資訊技能章、語文技能章
總之，幼童軍活動是整個童子軍運動的一環，我們可以從它的羚羊、狼、鹿、豹四級活動進程中，發現和其他階段的童子軍活動方案是一致的，並互為連貫性和進步性。
幼童軍團的晉級制度，從活動進程合格的認可，到各種徽章的頒授，不僅增進了幼童軍個人的榮譽感，更滿足了個人的成就感，並且提高幼童軍的責任心。
一、幼童軍活動：
1. 幼童軍是8至12歲的男性兒童，經家長同意，得參加幼童軍團。
2. 幼童軍有一整套統整的教育活動過程，依據獨特的故事背景編製成團集會的各項活動，並採取小隊制度、運用徽章制度激勵其上進，滿足其成就慾望，進而輔導其成為健全的國民。
3. 幼童軍是童子軍的生活起點，是童子軍的基礎。
4. 促使兒童發揮自主性，適應團體生活，樂於為人服務的美德。
5. 啟發五育並進，成為智仁勇兼備的青少年。
二、幼童軍活動的方法：
1. 幼童軍是童軍生活的起點，也是童子軍運動的基礎，幼童軍活動有一套完整的進步性活動進程，在新奇有趣的活動方案中，在遊戲、歌唱、故事中，在徽章制度的激勵下循序漸進的引導下，使幼童軍成為智仁勇兼備的青少年。
2. 服務員的任務是要精研它的原理與方法，並以實踐來經驗它的所以然。
3. 幼童軍是以團「PACK」為單位，這是一個家庭，隊只是為了活動上的方便，同時給隊長一份責任。
4. 未滿八歲不能參加之原因，是因其未能瞭解諾言規律，而且年到十一歲時往往會失去興趣。
5. 幼童軍活動是以叢林奇談做為永恆的背景，因為創始人貝登堡認為這個階段的兒童，具有先天的想像力和創造力，所以才把這本書拿來做訓練計畫的張本，我們為了實踐諾言和規律，認為除了這個故事外，再也難找到這麼適當的內容和體裁。
三、幼童軍內涵：
（一）諾言：「我願盡力，愛國家，守規律」。
（二）規律：「服從長上、幫助他人、不說謊話、不怕困難」。
（三）吼聲：
1.全體喊出「阿克拉！我願盡力。」
2.小隊長喊出「DYB！DYB！DYB！DYB！」
3.全體喊出「DOB！DOB！守規律！」
（四）禮節：
二指禮，食指、中指分開豎直，食指觸及帽緣或右眉梢，拳心向外；左握方式同童子軍。
（五）手勢、口令：基本口令
1.「PACK！」：〝注意〞，發出「PACK」口令後應有其他的指令下達。
2.「PACK！PACK！」：〝解散〞口令。
3.「PACK ！PACK！ PACK！」」：要做吼聲時，集合成聚會圈的口令。
（六）服裝：穿幼童軍藍色制服，另設榮譽帶佩掛技能章。
四、徽章制度
童軍三大制度（徽章、小隊、榮譽）相輔相成，旨在增強童軍運動與童軍教育之效。
徽章是（幼）童軍努力追求的目標，是吸引幼童軍參加活動的誘導力。 激發幼童軍自我挑戰，肯定自我的良方。
徽章制度是榮譽的表徵：表示幼童軍努力之後的各種成就，是鼓勵幼童軍實踐〝我願盡力〞的試金石。是激發追求自我尊嚴，追求榮譽的最佳方法。
種類：
獸章---配掛於制服左胸口袋。
幼童軍晉級徽章以獸章(羚羊、狼、鹿、豹四級)為晉級章，須經考驗合格始得頒授。凡年滿八歲兒童自願申請參加幼童軍活動，經參加四次以上團集會，由團長、副團長、家長依據進程內容予以考評，確認已完成羚羊級進程，經宣誓入團後，頒授羚羊章並佩掛團領巾。
參與羚羊級幼童軍六個月以上，由團長、副團長、家長依據進程內容予以考評，確認已完成狼級進程，經公開晉級儀式頒授配掛狼級章。 參與狼級幼童軍六個月以上，由團長、副團長、家長依據進程內容予以考評，確認已完成鹿級進程，經公開晉級儀式頒授配掛鹿章。參與鹿級幼童軍六個月以上，由團長、副團長、家長依據進程內容予以考評，確認已完成豹級進程，經公開晉級儀式頒授配掛豹章。鹿級和豹級活動進程在十二個月內完成，但仍需預留一、二次團集會的修補時間，使未合格之幼童軍有完成進程的機會。
技能章----幼童軍訓練，非常重視運用徽章來表達成就，技能章共分三類二十六項，及服務類八項，健身類九項及技巧類九項。
一、服務類：嚮導技能章、環保技能章、交通安全技能章、表演技能章、 種植技能章、飼養技能章、勞作技能章、義工技能章
二、健身類：球類運動技能章、體適能運動技能章、民俗體育運動技能章、游泳技能章、自行車技能章、旅行技能章、休閒活動技能章、舞蹈技能章、體操技能章
三、技巧類：繪畫技能章、音樂技能章、模型技能章、口技技能章、書法技能章、歌詠技能章、收集技能章、資訊技能章、語文技能章
總之，幼童軍活動是整個童子軍運動的一環，我們可以從它的羚羊、狼、鹿、豹四級活動進程中，發現和其他階段的童子軍活動方案是一致的，並互為連貫性和進步性。
幼童軍團的晉級制度，從活動進程合格的認可，到各種徽章的頒授，不僅增進了幼童軍個人的榮譽感，更滿足了個人的成就感，並且提高幼童軍的責任心。
What is Cub Scouting
A Cub Scout is a member of the section of the worldwide Scouting movement for young persons, mainly boys normally aged about 7 or 8 to 10 or 11. In some countries they are called Wolf Cubs and are often referred to simply as Cubs.
The movement is often referred to simply as Cubbing. Originally, like the Boy Scouts, the Cubbing was for boys only; girls were expected to join the Brownies.
Since about 1990 the Cubs has been open to both girls and boys in several countries. In the USA, it is exclusively open for boys to join. Some countries also have a Sea Scout version of Cub Scouts.
Foundation
The Cub Scouting movement was founded by Robert Baden-Powell in 1916, ten years after the foundation of the Scouts, in order to cater to the many younger boys who had not yet reached the age limit for the Boy Scouts but who wanted to take part in Scouting.
During these first ten years many troops had either allowed younger boys to join or had set up unofficial Junior or Cadet Scout Troops. These Cadet Troops taught a much simpler form of Scouting, including just the basic knotting techniques, basic first aid and tracking.
In 1914, there were articles in the Headquarters’ Gazette (a then regular newsletter to leaders) outlining an official scheme, however this was not what Baden-Powell wanted. Rather he sought something quite different — a movement in its own right, with its own identity and program.
In 1914 Baden Powell announced a Junior Section for Scouting. In 1916, he published his own outlines for such a scheme, it was to be called Wolf Cubbing. It has been speculated that Baden-Powell may have had a number of reasons to call this section Wolf Cubs.
Wolf was one of the names Native Americans gave to their best scouts; Wolf was the name of the cannon made in the railway workshops at Mafikeng. So a young boy not old enough to be a wolf or true Scout could be a baby wolf or Wolf Cub.
Baden-Powell asked his friend Rudyard Kipling for the use of his The Jungle Book history and universe as a motivational frame in cub scouting.
Baden-Powell wrote a new book The Wolf Cub's Handbook for junior members. In 1917, junior members became known as Wolf Cubs.
In the 1960s and later, the Wolf Cub section departed in many organizations from the jungle theme. Some changed their name to Cub Scout or something similar but retained the Jungle Stories and Cub ceremony as tradition -- such as the use of Jungle Books names (as described below); and the Grand Howl which signals the start and end of the Cub Scout Meetings. Other organizations kept the name but changed the theme totally.
Originally, Cub Scout membership was open only to boys while the Brownies were set up as a parallel section for young girls. This remains the situation in some places.
Most member organizations of World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) admitted girls to the Cub Scouts while others have separate co-ed sections with a different theme.
Most member organizations of the Union Internationale des Guides et Scouts d'Europe (UIGSE) have two single sex sections both named Wolf Cubs and both in the jungle theme.
Cub Scouting has ideals of spiritual and character growth, citizenship training, and personal fitness. Cub Scouting provides a positive, encouraging peer group, carefully selected leaders who provide good role models and a group setting where values are taught to reinforce positive qualities of character.
Organization
Cub Scouts are organized in Packs, which are usually linked to a Scout group (district), providing a community with all age sections. Adult leaders of Cub packs take the names of The Jungle Book 's main characters.
In many countries the leader of the Pack is called Akela. Cub Scouts have a distinctive two-finger salute according to the Jungle theme, in contrast to the three-finger salute of Boy Scouts.
However, in the Scout Association of United Kingdom (UK) and some of its overseas branches, the two-finger salute was later replaced by the three-finger salute when they detached from the Jungle theme. Historically, Cub Scouts wear a distinctive headdress, which is a tight-fitting green felt cap with green felt visor, yellow pipings, and an emblem at the front — although in some countries this has been replaced by more contemporary headgears.
Like Scout Troops, Cub Scouts are assigned to small teams within the Pack. Baden-Powell named the team Six, which refers to the six members in each team.
In most countries the members of a Six are from all Cub Scout-ages with the oldest as sixer ("leader"). In the Boy Scouts of America (BSA), these teams are each called a Den, and each Den has all boys in the same school grade.
Youth Leaders from more senior Sections of Scouting are actively encouraged to assist as Cub Scout Leaders.
In the UK and in Australia these persons were originally called Cub Instructors. Within Scouts Australia the term Youth Helper is now formally applied to such persons, whilst in the United Kingdom they are called Young Leaders.
In Canada, a Scout who assists in the Cub program is designated as a Kim. In the United States, the term Den Chief is used.
In many European countries (especially where the Jungle theme still has a strong part in the programme), Saint Francis of Assisi is the patron saint of Cub Scouts, because of his relationship with wolves.
Activities
The emphasis of Cub Scouting is to have fun and learn at the same time.
A Cub Scout gets satisfaction from meeting challenges, having friends, feeling good about himself, and feeling he is important to other people. Cub Scouts learn new things, discover and master new skills, gain self-confidence, and develop strong friendships.
A Cub Scout learns the basics of the Scout method, a simple version of the Scout Promise, and a simple version of the Scout Law. Common ways to implement the Scout method include spending time together in small groups with shared experiences, rituals, and activities. Cultivating a love and appreciation of the outdoors and outdoor activities are key elements.
Primary activities include games, camping, woodcraft, first aid, aquatics, hiking and sports. Each Pack has a number of annual events at Group or District level and can join nationwide events at pack level such as the Pinewood derby in the USA. Camping most often occurs on a unit level, such as in the pack, but sometimes at Group or District level.
For many Cub Scout and Scouters, the highlight of the year is spending up to a week in the summer as part of an outdoor activity. They can stay in a lodge, cabin or tent.
Progressive training
Cub Scouts, like the Boy Scouts, uses a ranking system. But unlike its older counterpart, the ranks are often dependent upon age or grade level. The particular form that the training takes varies in different countries
The movement is often referred to simply as Cubbing. Originally, like the Boy Scouts, the Cubbing was for boys only; girls were expected to join the Brownies.
Since about 1990 the Cubs has been open to both girls and boys in several countries. In the USA, it is exclusively open for boys to join. Some countries also have a Sea Scout version of Cub Scouts.
Foundation
The Cub Scouting movement was founded by Robert Baden-Powell in 1916, ten years after the foundation of the Scouts, in order to cater to the many younger boys who had not yet reached the age limit for the Boy Scouts but who wanted to take part in Scouting.
During these first ten years many troops had either allowed younger boys to join or had set up unofficial Junior or Cadet Scout Troops. These Cadet Troops taught a much simpler form of Scouting, including just the basic knotting techniques, basic first aid and tracking.
In 1914, there were articles in the Headquarters’ Gazette (a then regular newsletter to leaders) outlining an official scheme, however this was not what Baden-Powell wanted. Rather he sought something quite different — a movement in its own right, with its own identity and program.
In 1914 Baden Powell announced a Junior Section for Scouting. In 1916, he published his own outlines for such a scheme, it was to be called Wolf Cubbing. It has been speculated that Baden-Powell may have had a number of reasons to call this section Wolf Cubs.
Wolf was one of the names Native Americans gave to their best scouts; Wolf was the name of the cannon made in the railway workshops at Mafikeng. So a young boy not old enough to be a wolf or true Scout could be a baby wolf or Wolf Cub.
Baden-Powell asked his friend Rudyard Kipling for the use of his The Jungle Book history and universe as a motivational frame in cub scouting.
Baden-Powell wrote a new book The Wolf Cub's Handbook for junior members. In 1917, junior members became known as Wolf Cubs.
In the 1960s and later, the Wolf Cub section departed in many organizations from the jungle theme. Some changed their name to Cub Scout or something similar but retained the Jungle Stories and Cub ceremony as tradition -- such as the use of Jungle Books names (as described below); and the Grand Howl which signals the start and end of the Cub Scout Meetings. Other organizations kept the name but changed the theme totally.
Originally, Cub Scout membership was open only to boys while the Brownies were set up as a parallel section for young girls. This remains the situation in some places.
Most member organizations of World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) admitted girls to the Cub Scouts while others have separate co-ed sections with a different theme.
Most member organizations of the Union Internationale des Guides et Scouts d'Europe (UIGSE) have two single sex sections both named Wolf Cubs and both in the jungle theme.
Cub Scouting has ideals of spiritual and character growth, citizenship training, and personal fitness. Cub Scouting provides a positive, encouraging peer group, carefully selected leaders who provide good role models and a group setting where values are taught to reinforce positive qualities of character.
Organization
Cub Scouts are organized in Packs, which are usually linked to a Scout group (district), providing a community with all age sections. Adult leaders of Cub packs take the names of The Jungle Book 's main characters.
In many countries the leader of the Pack is called Akela. Cub Scouts have a distinctive two-finger salute according to the Jungle theme, in contrast to the three-finger salute of Boy Scouts.
However, in the Scout Association of United Kingdom (UK) and some of its overseas branches, the two-finger salute was later replaced by the three-finger salute when they detached from the Jungle theme. Historically, Cub Scouts wear a distinctive headdress, which is a tight-fitting green felt cap with green felt visor, yellow pipings, and an emblem at the front — although in some countries this has been replaced by more contemporary headgears.
Like Scout Troops, Cub Scouts are assigned to small teams within the Pack. Baden-Powell named the team Six, which refers to the six members in each team.
In most countries the members of a Six are from all Cub Scout-ages with the oldest as sixer ("leader"). In the Boy Scouts of America (BSA), these teams are each called a Den, and each Den has all boys in the same school grade.
Youth Leaders from more senior Sections of Scouting are actively encouraged to assist as Cub Scout Leaders.
In the UK and in Australia these persons were originally called Cub Instructors. Within Scouts Australia the term Youth Helper is now formally applied to such persons, whilst in the United Kingdom they are called Young Leaders.
In Canada, a Scout who assists in the Cub program is designated as a Kim. In the United States, the term Den Chief is used.
In many European countries (especially where the Jungle theme still has a strong part in the programme), Saint Francis of Assisi is the patron saint of Cub Scouts, because of his relationship with wolves.
Activities
The emphasis of Cub Scouting is to have fun and learn at the same time.
A Cub Scout gets satisfaction from meeting challenges, having friends, feeling good about himself, and feeling he is important to other people. Cub Scouts learn new things, discover and master new skills, gain self-confidence, and develop strong friendships.
A Cub Scout learns the basics of the Scout method, a simple version of the Scout Promise, and a simple version of the Scout Law. Common ways to implement the Scout method include spending time together in small groups with shared experiences, rituals, and activities. Cultivating a love and appreciation of the outdoors and outdoor activities are key elements.
Primary activities include games, camping, woodcraft, first aid, aquatics, hiking and sports. Each Pack has a number of annual events at Group or District level and can join nationwide events at pack level such as the Pinewood derby in the USA. Camping most often occurs on a unit level, such as in the pack, but sometimes at Group or District level.
For many Cub Scout and Scouters, the highlight of the year is spending up to a week in the summer as part of an outdoor activity. They can stay in a lodge, cabin or tent.
Progressive training
Cub Scouts, like the Boy Scouts, uses a ranking system. But unlike its older counterpart, the ranks are often dependent upon age or grade level. The particular form that the training takes varies in different countries
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